Essay on themes in Things Fall Apart and Second Coming -- comparison c

Similar Themes in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming The novel "Things Fall Apart" examines African culture before the colonial infiltration. Achebe's novel forces us to examine the customs and traditions that make up an informal culture. At times we may find some their practices appalling, but Achebe makes us realize that the traditions and customs are what essentially hold the Ibo together. Achebe wrote 'Things Fall Apart" with the intention of changing the common view of African culture. He wrote the novel from an insider's perspective, revealing that African culture was not solely based on barbaric and mindless rituals. Achebe reveals the affects of the colonial infiltration on African societies. Through his novel he examines how colonization disturbed the unity and balance of a once strong cultural society. William Butler Yeats, a renowned Irish poet, responded similarly to Achebe during World War II by writing the "Second Coming". Yeats wrote his poem in response to the rise of fascism and communism which threatened to destroy Europe. Yeats believed that history revolved in two thousand-year cycles. The end of the cycles resulted in chaos and destruction. Much like "Things Fall Apart", "The Second Coming" addresses the idea of balance, interdependence, individualism, and community. Achebe shows how the interruption of the cyles in the Ibo culture caused things to slowly fall apart. The poem addresses the cyclic movements of events and history. As a result, both can be seen as being intertwined. Yeats opens his poem with a doom-like statement. He states "Turning and turning in the widening gyre." This enhances the cyclic image that Yeats is trying to portray. Here, Y... ... In many ways the changes that the missionaries brought upon the Ibo were unavoidable. The rituals and cyclic view the Ibo had of time held their culture together. The Ibo did not hold on to their ideas of interdepenence and community. Therefore, they were more suspetable to surcoming to the ways of the white man. The colonial infiltration caused the Ibo to not only loose their cultural identity, but their voice. The missionaries alterations brought silece among the native dialect of the Ibo. Achebe states at the end of the novel "even now they have not found the mouth with which to tell of their suffering." From this quote it is apparent that there is little left of the Ibo culture. The colonial infliltration caused the Ibo to fall apart, and break the vital cycle that once held their culture together.

CEO & CFO Perceptions About AIS Impact on Firm Essay

In the multifaceted, dynamic, corporate global milieu, imminent rifts continue to rattle the arenas of accounting/finance. The personal ambitions of CEO’s and CFO’s outweighed their responsibilities toward shareholders, employees, operations, civic/ethical duties, and the general financial system. CEO’s primarily focused on their own profitability, by increasing margins, meeting shareholder/market expectations, and expanding by any means necessary. Therefore, this lead to CFO’s and other members of top management on the front lines in manipulating margins to promote growth; thereby committing various levels of fraudulent activities, mainly to manipulate poor financial performance. The intertwining of ethical dilemmas and constant conflicts of interest endangered employees, shareholders, customers, and the general public. With the passing of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) in 2012, the act demanded, â€Å"that corporate management design and implement internal contro ls over the entire financial reporting process.† (Hall, 2013) In reference to CEO turnover and the appropriateness and effectiveness of a board, board of directors that are, â€Å"dominated by independent directors are more likely to remove a CEO based on poor performance than boards dominated by insiders.† (Dah, Frye, & Hurst 2013) â€Å"During the post-SOX, significant decline in the incidence of CEO turnovers for compliant firms.† (Dah, Frye, & Hurst 2013) Top management have adopted Accounting Information Systems, utilizing information technology and new understandings of physical controls in the workplace, in their effort to comply with SOX, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), and to maintain ethically conscious decisions. A company’s internal controls have been under scrupulous review and are continuously examined to a point where they are in full compliance with SOX. Most of the attention is attributed to two main provisions, organized by the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) that dire ctly relate to internal controls. Under section 404, the CEO and CFO of publicly traded companies must personally disclose and certify, quarterly and annually, an adoption of a detailed code of ethics, which includes an effective maintenance of an internal control system. This section also protects whistle-blowers. In addition, section 303 requires that the CEO and  CFO must sign off on the financial statements to assure that the reports do not include any material misstatements or omissions. To further protect capital markets, corporate governance, employees, shareholders, the general public, and the auditing profession, the organization’s auditor’s assurance on management’s internal control and ethics policies is required. Top management teams understood the importance of adding IT prowess. Information Technology departments garnered more responsibility after the passing of SOX. Being held as critical importance to internal control functions in an organization, IT departments became responsible for creating, improving, executing, and modifying a series of controls, essential to reduce fraud. Additionally, IT is accountable for accumulating, processing, and storing financial data, which is utilized in financial statements, and creates audit trails for external auditors. A portion of the internal controls implemented in a business exist as IT controls, many of which are based in the computerized environment and usually pertain to financial data. Programs and processes are written and maintained by IT professionals. Fairly new and intuitive processes include automated systems. These programs have reshaped the environment of accounts reporting. They, â€Å"initiate, authorize, record, and report the effects of financial transactions.† (Hall, 2013) Automated accounting is associated with most Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP). ERP systems, â€Å"facilitate the flow of information among all departments in an organization, and manage data sharing with outside systems, such as suppliers, business partners, clients and regulatory agencies.† (Chinn, 2011) Top management are attracted to apply automated systems in order to create an efficient and secure operating and accounting environment. Rudimentary features include the generation and distribution of invoices to customers, which usually follows with high possibility, that payment will be received at a timely manner. This electronic process of invoicing goes hand in hand with receiving wire transfers and, on the opposing cycle, purchases of materials; therefore, in either process, this allows the company to efficiently benefit from increasing cash/credit receipts and the ability to quickly obtain corporate and operating capital. These advanced computerized processes are able to initiate the transfer of a corporation’s assets and are able to automatically incur liabilities, in relation to their corresponding  transactions without human interaction. However the many enticing advantages an automated system offers, there is no doubt the, â€Å"inextricable elements of the financial reporting process that SOX considers, and they must be controlled.† (Hall, 2013) Section 302 is in place to circumvent any inconsistencies of internal control in the workplace. Automation of the revenue cycle is typically used to reduce overhead costs, make better credit granting decisions, and better collect outstanding accounts receivable. Along with SOX provisions, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations framework group IT system controls into two broad categories: Application Controls and General Controls. Subcategories of application controls include input controls, processing controls, and output controls. The General controls include controls over IT governance, infrastructure, network & operating system security, database access, application acquisitions & development, and program changes. â€Å"General controls are needed to support the environment in which application controls function, and both are needed to ensure accurate financial reporting, as well as reduce instances of fraudulent activity.† (Hall 2013) While utilizing the aforementioned controls will greatly reduce risk of financial fraud, there are inherent risks concerning information technology systems. Organizations integrated in a global frame, face an overarching environmental risk involving stability, which primarily concerns IT. The rapid production and ingenuity of increasing computing power, coupled with consistent gains in the growth of technology, have a direct result in an exponentially vibrant information technology atmosphere. This dynamic environment causes constant changes within internal controls in companies. Currently, â€Å"IT is considered one of the main risk factors in organizations, and both lack and excess of such investments can compromise the structure and the operations of the firm.† (Lunardi, Becker, Macada, & Dolci 2010) To keep up with the forward thinking global environment, as well as complying with constant legal and technical changes, IT innately becomes a focus with organizations. Management continues to adapt to new challenges that emerge, in relation to IT. Recently, â€Å"companies have been spending about 50% of all capital investment on IT.† (Lunardi, Becker, Macada, & Dolci 2010) Executives understand that it is impossible to significantly curb IT spending in such a technologically driven world; â€Å"however, they do not want to spend any more than the minimum  necessary to deploy and run IT efficiently.† (Lunardi, Becker, Macada, & Dolci 2010) Outsourcing specific IT projects, as well as full ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, has become more normal throughout the past few years. Over 90% of firms that were sampled in various research projects engage in IT outsourcing. â€Å"Given the pervasiveness of IT outsourcing and the magnitude of IT spending in the economy† (Kobelsky & Robinson, 2010) top management can write-off costs, as well as secure system failures. In case of an unforeseen disturbance, firms can still operate ERP systems in their headquartered location, by creating an off-site ERP system. However, most IT outsourcing does not connect with cost reduction. Most managers, â€Å"indicate that though practitioner research emphasizes ITOS’s (IT outsourcing) cost-reduction benefits gained at the individual project level, outsourcing is associated with higher IT spending, presumably reflecting enhancement of capabilities.† (Kobelsky & Robinson, 2010) Organizations utilize ITOS, in addition to improving in-house IT fraud reduction projects. The continuation of outsourcing affects an increase in IT spending, than for localization. Consistent computing advancements and technological prowess have had positive outcomes in business processes, as well as added new computer support systems. There have been recent instances that cite, â€Å"fraud costs U.S. business more than $400 billion annually.† (Ravisankar, Ravi, Rao, & Bose, 2011) Data mining techniques have been implemented to remedy fraud and increase fraud detection by utilizing approaches that are more data-driven. These methods specifically depend on historical monetary data of both troubled and strong companies, coupled with their respective financial ratios. With the use of objective data mining, companies can solve financial statement inaccuracies and financial problems affecting the business, â€Å"by sifting through the records of fraudulent and healthy companies. Then, they discover knowledge which can be used to predict whether a company at hand will p erpetrate financial accounting fraud in future.† (Ravisankar, Ravi, Rao, & Bose, 2011) Artificial Intelligence systems bring forth a theoretical advantage. They understand when and when not to extract specific statistical facts on the input variables. Nevertheless, new computing power and automated systems could contain unexpected risks that could alter and affect reliability on financial statements. Because of newfound internal control spending, coupled with an  increase of information technology in the workplace, companies have been progressively shifting their reporting systems from legacy platforms to a widespread client-server network. The integrated network utilizes new servers and product software, such as industry leaders, Oracle and SAP. Since the passing of SOX and introduction of COSO, Oracle and SAP have been duking it out for majority share of the market. The Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing (SAP) is a software ERP, which incorporates a streamline of business function applications. The system offers a, â€Å"real time management an d tracking of sales, productions, finance, accounting and human resources in an enterprise.† (Indika, 2011) Usually, IT systems operate separate processes. Traditionally, each process cycle operates in its own system. SAP differentiates itself by integrating into all business practices and operations. Updates are presented in real time, and pass along through different cycles and departments. The complexity of SAP, â€Å"runs on a fourth generation programming language called Advanced Business Application Programming (ABAP).† (Indika, 2011) Oracle maintains a similar application to the environment. ORDBMS (Oracle DMBS) has been primarily incorporated to be as versatile as SAP, specifically to assist large enterprise settings and manage data in the enterprise. Additionally, it can be useful on a personal level. Oracle DBMS is comprised of data and retrieved by applying SQL (Structured Query Language). The commands set entrance boundaries and protect the users’ data files. It, â€Å"can be embedded in other languages or could be executed directly as scripts.† (Indika, 2011) â€Å"During the initial SAP installation, Oracle can be defined as the database that is going to be used and then the SAP system will issue SQL commands that are compatible with the Oracle DBMS.† (Indika, 2011) There is not a drastic difference in installation time for Oracle or SAP. It also depends on whether the system is slowly introduced to the organization, or if it is launched all at one time. Top management will review an in depth cost and risk analysis, in determining which method of installation is most appropriate. (http://whatiserp.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/duration.png) The centralized legacy mainframe environment is tightly controlled and has made management complacent because of the simple fact that it works. The security structures and internal controls found on legacy systems have developed over the past four decades. Program and file access is easily traced and  organized. The operating system of mainframe programs deliberately create audit trails and logs, which offer conveniences to external auditors, as well as making it more difficult to commit fraud. Legacy systems incorporate intricate scheduling software, which operate as safeguards. For example, plans are input into the system when appropriate authorization is in effect and in the precise sequence. Additionally, these systems adopt specific controls, which protect the integrity of financial report s and stages in the multiple cycles utilized by a business. Specifically, change controls pre-determinately restricts alterations to production applications. Automated responses appear and instruct employees to provide high level approvals and testing. The mainframe control environment has had time to evolve in decently stable times. However, upon the introduction of SOX and the realization that there were material internal control weaknesses in the workplace, standardization and integrated programming systems were presented to the business world. Over time, more and more companies are making the jump to cross-referencing and streamlined technologies. Because of a limited time lapse regarding the application of new ERP systems, there has not been reliable risk analyses on internal control processing, as there are with legacy systems. Unfortunately, there is an insurmountable need for risk awareness, when incorporating new systems in this day & age. Over-crowded client-server networks can become a problem to configure and monitor appropriately . To cushion the negative associations of risk, physical and internal controls are put into place to monitor systems. Companies may want to place security cameras and physical guards of the servers and related systems during off-hours. When deciding to implement new technology in a firm, or replacing an entire system with more up-to-date specifications, control risks need to be assessed. New risks and internal control weaknesses are often created faster than they can be discovered and regulated. Integrity and security of a firm’s data should be at a top priority. Threats, like viruses and worms are to be kept at bay, with various walls and algorithms. Emerging technologies like Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, the continuation of reporting, subject to repeated external audits & compliance with SOX and COSO, and object-oriented databases remedy discrepancies should protect systems. A firm’s internal audit department are also available in coordinating and evaluating the IT control environment, and should be able to verbally instruct and announce employee centric workshops to increase employee control awareness. Because of issues concerning independence and segregation of duties, the internal audit department will not be able to design code and functionality specifications in the internal control mainframe. However, they are the cheapest and central consultants on how the controls affect operations, and if the specific controls work in detecting fraud. Top management considers the internal audit department an under-utilized resource in perfecting internal controls and information technology controls. Constant balance between CEO’s and CFO’s must be maintained in order to synergize business operations, in accordance with GAAP, SOX, and COSO. Information technology, â€Å"serves as a facilitator, catalyst, motivator, or even an enabler for the convergence of management accounting and financial accounting.† (Taipaleenmaki & Ikaheimo 2012) In order for the SOX initiative to be effective, the information technology function must be in conjuncture with aiding the control environment of a business. Financial reporting has changed over the years, to favor IT processes, which are almost entirely fundamental to the financial reporting practice. Additionally, with the passing of SOX, new responsibilities are imposed upon IT functions, which would usually be ignored, because IT is not necessarily responsible for monitoring internal controls. IT & finance professionals, as well as top management, have had to adopt and learn a whole new set of functions, reporting, and mon itoring. The information technology culture is of dire importance to adhering to new standards and progresses the business environment to innovative and more secure highs. A functioning IT department is crucial for the CEO & CFO to document financial and internal controls. Value is a very subjective term, especially in reference to capital expenditures. Different opinions and different needs will influence how much a firm spends on new technology to facilitate and cooperate with changing standards. Usually, implementing a new system in a business have positive and financial benefits, in the long run. However, â€Å"a new system will often find resistance at the individual level because the users do not  perceive any value to them from it.† (Barua, Brooks, Gillon, Hodgkinson, & Kohli, 2010) Positives could include additional time to perform other tasks, and create more efficiency around the organization. However, an overuse of technology could threaten employee’s jobs, as systems become more automated. Individual perception on new installations of systems might be shaky at first, but in the end, whatever is needed to comply with changing standards, is exactly what leaders of organizations will flock toward. CEOs and CFOs understand that integrating proper Accounting Information Systems is integral to society and the business world. Additionally, as per Thomas Piketty, who maintains in his freshly published voluminous, â€Å"Capital in the Twenty-First Century†, CEOs, CFOs, and Super Managers are running massive conglomerates effectively because of IT and AIS. Therefore, IT has given them powers to set exorbitant compensation packages for themselves, by super-humanly maximizing their own productivity and performance. In conjunction, if fraud can be avoided in the bargain, they are awarded super hero status and remuneration, which may summarize their perceptions about AIS , IT, and the dual benefits of SOX and COSO. Bibliography Barua, A., Brooks, L., Gillon, K., Hodgkinson, R., & Kohli, R. (2010). Creating, Capturing andMeasuring Value From IT Investments: Could We Do Better? . Communications of theAssociation for Information Systems, 27, 13-26. Chinn, D. (2011, March 11). What Is Enterprise Resource Planning Systems?. eHow. RetrievedApril 15, 2014, from: http://www.ehow.com/info_8050594_enterpriseresourceplanningsystems.html#ixzz2zS3rm7n5 Dah, M. A., Frye, M. B., & Hurst, M. (2014). Board Changes and CEO Turnover: TheUnanticipated Effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Journal of Banking & Finance, 41, 97108. Difference Between. (Indika). Difference Between RSS. Retrieved May 5, 2014, fromhttp://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-sap-and-vs-oracle/ Hall, J. A. (2013). Accounting Information Systems (8th ed.). Cincinnati, Ohio: South-WesternCollege Pub.. Print. Kobelsky, K. W., & Robinson, M. A. (2010). The impact of outsourcing on informationtechnology spending. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 11(2),105-119. Lunardi, G. L., Becker, J. L., Macada, A. C., & Dolci, P. C. (2010). The impact of adopting ITgovernance on financial performance: An empirical analysis among Brazilian firms .Journal of Banking & Finance, 15, 66-81. Ravisankar, P., Ravi, V., Rao, G. R., & Bose, I. (2011). Detection of financial statement fraudand feature selection using data mining techniques. Decision Support Systems, 50(2),491-500. Taipaleenmà ¤ki, J., & Ikà ¤heimo, S. (2013). On the convergence of management accounting andfinancial accounting – the role of information technology in accounting change.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(4), 321-348. Chart Picture: http://whatiserp.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/duration.png

The Problem Of Homelessness Among Youth - 898 Words

Homeless of adults, teenagers, and sometimes small children is something that is seen in bigger cities on a daily basis. Homeless teenagers is a growing issue and makes a person wonder what causes a teenager to become homeless? Teenagers are becoming increasingly homeless because of family situations that are out of control. From thirteen years old to seventeen years old they need to feel safe and secure in their homes. Parents are there to help their children and protect them, but they don’t always succeed. Teenagers are unaware of the options they have for getting out of a harmful situation, yet being homeless has its dangers too. There are several reasons youth may become homeless and why it’s increasing in numbers. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless â€Å"Homelessness among youth fall into three inter-related categories: family problems, economic problems, and residential instability† (Homeless). All families have problems, but not to the ex tent of family problems that causes a child to choose homelessness. The National Coalition for the Homeless also say, â€Å"Many homeless youth leave home after years of physical and sexual abuse, strained relationships, addiction of a family member, and parental neglect† (Homeless). On the extreme we have the sexual abuse of the youth that causes them to leave and be homeless. This abuse lasts for years before a youth may find the courage to get up and leave. Parents are supposed to be there for their children, but it’sShow MoreRelatedSocial Problem Homelessness1065 Words   |  5 PagesApplication Social Problem Research: Homelessness Homelessness is becoming a major social issue in the United States, with many poor families and young people ending up in the street because of several reasons. This condition is leaving many people helpless in the streets and the number keep on rising on a daily basis. Cities like Detroit and New York are among the most populous with poor families and homeless people, making it important for government and other social agencies to find urgent solutionRead MoreThe Issue Of Transsexual Homelessness And Health1454 Words   |  6 Pagestranssexual homelessness and health has been subjected to debate in the recent discussions that underline the paradigms of safety. The people who identify with a gender that is distinct from which is assigned to them at birth are at a greater risk for being subjected to social isolation, emotional and physical trauma, infectious disease, chemical dependency, discrimination, infectious disease, and the limited access housing, employment opportunities, a s well as healthcare. Homelessness is the compoundingRead MoreThe Effects of Homelessness on the Overall Self-Esteem of Homeless Youth1476 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is often characterized as adults living on the streets taking shelter beneath the interwoven overpasses of the city or standing alongside busy intersections begging for money. Yet, children, those under 18 years of age, are generally not associated with the homeless status as they are invisible, not seen by the general public with their homeless counterparts taking up residence in make-shift housing. Nonetheless, there is a large percent of youth who meet the guidelines for being deemedRead MoreYouth Among The Homeless Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pages Homelessness is all around the world, and many people have either dealt with the issue or had first-hand experience with it. Thus causes everyone to think about the possible solutions to such an important social and economic problem. Whether or not anyone wants to support or ignore the issue, it will always be there. However, the youth population is on the rise among the homeless. While the exact number of youth among the homeless is hard to determine, given various information about homelessnessRead MoreThe Homeless Are Homeless : A Middle Class Lifestyle After Marriage1654 Words   |  7 Pagesat least four episodes of homelessness in the past three years (Doran). The reason there are so many homeless people now in the country is because of a very punitive and moralistic societal value we have about people who are homeless and in desperate need. (Tsemberis). The government should provide more adequate shelter because child homelessness is at an all time high in the United States , mental health issues are more common among homeless people, veteran homelessness is increasing throughout Read MoreThe Psychological Symptoms And Disparities Of Gay Youth And How They Outstandingly Differentiate From Their Homeless Heterosexual Counterparts1154 Words   |  5 Pages1. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E.W. Hunter, J. J Youth Adolescence (2012). Authors Rosario, Schrimshaw, and Hunter in this article, documents the very high rates of homelessness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. However, this study is primarily focuses on the psychological symptoms and disparities of gay youth and how they outstandingly differentiate from their homeless heterosexual counterparts. After further investigation they had begun to examine potential mediators between the two such asRead MoreEssay about Alone Without a Home: Homeless and Runaway Youth 1624 Words   |  7 PagesHome: Homeless Runaway Youths Across the country, there are children who leave home to avoid the dangers of home only to face the dangers of living on the streets. For some the urge to leave is short lived and they return home. For others it can be a lifetime of struggle as the situation they once thought was a good solution suddenly becomes a never ending nightmare as they fight to survive and face the harsh reality that they have no place to turn to. Homeless runaway youth are on the rise inRead MoreCauses Of Homelessness1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthey all share in common are the factors why a specific type of population became homeless. The interrelation of homelessness and mental illness are informed by many factors such as; the lack of support, extreme poverty, substance abuse, lack of affordable health insurance, and lack of affordable housing. The homeless population shares different struggles when dealing with homelessness and mental illnesses because there are not enough resources for them to be able to come back to their normal selfRead MoreHomosexuality for Males during Adolescence879 Words   |  3 Pagesexperiences. Today, research shows adolescents question their sexuality at an earlier age than previously thought (Saewyc, 2011). Regardless of when a young male begins to explore his sexuality, a lack of friend and family support, bullying, and homelessness are some factors, which could negatively affect the health t rajectory of gay teens (Collier, Bos, Sandfort, 2013; Hatzenbuehler, 2011; Mitchell, Ybarra, Korchmaros, 2013; Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter, 2012). For adolescent gay males, studiesRead MoreEssay On Homeless Programs838 Words   |  4 Pagesthese programs and projects have played a role in reducing homelessness, it does not mean these programs make a significant difference. There is a dilemma about funding for housing projects. There is no doubt that housing projects cannot maintain their operation without sufficient funding. However, increased funding for homeless programs can slightly reduce homelessness. In â€Å"Does Increased Funding for Homeless Programs Reduce Chronic Homelessness?†, Shawn Moulton estimates a â€Å"fixed-effects model† to examines

Essay about Energy and the Environment Fossil Fuels

Energy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are one of the most important things on this planet to the human race. Without fossil fuels we wouldnt have todays current means of transportation, we would have less heating for the general population, energy uses would be more expensive, and overall the economy and the world would not be able to sustain themselves. Even still, the fact that fossil fuels are on this planet will never change, but how we use them and what impacts their use has will always be an issue. Even though fossil fuels provide for the most percentage of energy usage in the world, there is still the issue of pollution and other environmental impacts. Just oil and natural gas alone provide for more than 60†¦show more content†¦Global warming is mainly caused due to carbon dioxide trapping the suns radiation and keeping it within the Earths atmosphere. The fact that burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide is why their use has such an impact on global warming. Over the last 150 years, burning fossil fuels has resulted in more than a 25 percent increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere (union of concerned scientists). This statistic gives enough support to the fact that fossil fuels and their use are fueling the global warming situation. Another issue related to the use of fossil fuels is acid rain. Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxides in the air and has been increasing due to the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal, which ultimately pollutes the waterways. The main fact is that burning coal produces sulfur dioxide, an acidic gas that contributes to the formation of acid rain (Darvill). Coal is used to produce about 30 percent of the energy in the US. With this very large number, it can be seen that the amount of acid rain will be greatly reduced if we can burn less amounts or use cleaner burning methods in order to protect the environment. After learning a great deal about fossil fuels one can see that they are obviously NEEDED by the human population and that their use is inevitable. On the other hand, fossil fuels may lead to substantial, and irreversible,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Fossil Fuel Energy On The Environment And The Pocket987 Words   |  4 PagesIn the last decades energy consumption has come to a time where people started noticing the climate changes and the effect of fossil fuel energy for not only being environmentally destructive, but also causing Global warming (the warming that occurs as a result of increase emissions of greenhouse gases) has become a very big issue worldwide. The fossil fuels (Oil, Coal, and Natural Gas) which is the main sources of the world’s energy sources, is also one of the main causes of the climate change.Read MoreThe Use Of Solar Energy Does Not Pollute The Environment Like Using Fossil Fuels?886 Words   |  4 Pagesit use to be. Use of solar energy does not pollute the environment like using fossil fuels. Although the damage on the ozone layer cannot be reversed, more pollution can only make it worse. The major source of transportation in O Town is electric vehicles that are fueled by electricity generated using solar energy . Gasoline is no longer the main fuel used to power vehicles. Electricity made by solar energy does not damage the earth like some other kinds of fuels used to produce electricityRead MoreAlternative Sources of Renewable Energy Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthe need for energy is growing as well. We are accustomed to using fossil fuels as our central source of energy for everyday uses. 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Difference Of A Child s Comprehension - 860 Words

Description of the Study The purpose of this study was to examine the difference of a child’s comprehension when being read with a traditional book versus being read to with an electronic book. The independent variable is reading and the dependent variable is the comprehension and learning the child receives from the parent-joint reading. Also, the dependent variable is the background the children come from and the families learning history. In the study, by Marina Krcmar and Drew P. Cingel, there were multiple hypothesis and multiple research questions, but the main one I will be focusing on is hypothesis one. Krcmar and Cingel stated that the children will exhibit higher comprehension when their parents read to them using a traditional book compared to using an electronic book. Seventy parent-child dyads were recruited from child care centers. The children’s ages ranged between 24 and 60 months while the study did not report the age of the parents it did say nearly all of the parents were females. The data was collected with consent forms that the parents filled out before participating and took a brief questionnaire about the child’s reading experience. If the parents were not familiar with the iPad technology, they were trained by someone who was part of the research team. When parents were comfortable, the process of the study began. In the study, the independent variable (reading) was measured in a period of ten minutes. For the ten minutes, the parents would read toShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Learning Disorders And Their Signs Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disorders and Their Signs Could it be that your child struggles with school? Do you observe he or she avoiding reading out loud, tackling a math problem, or writing an essay? Certainly every child has trouble with homework from time to time, if a certain area of learning is consistently difficult, it might point to a learning disorder. By being knowledgeable on all you can about learning disabilities, you can make sure your child gets the adequate help to overcome classroom challenges andRead MoreReading Comprehension And The Key Pillars Of Reading Instruction1609 Words   |  7 PagesReading comprehension is the ability to read the text, process what you just read and then be able to understand what you read well enough to explain it to a fellow peer clearly and precisely. Reading comprehension is a link in the chain that is the five pillars of reading instruction. The first pillar being phonemes, second is phonics, third and fourth is fluency and vocabulary and finally the fifth is comprehension. Itâ€℠¢s the caboose of the pillars you might say. While all of the pillars are vitalRead MoreThe Genetic Disorder Of Trisomy 211481 Words   |  6 PagesCyprus method to examine patterns of fetal DNA methylation on chromosome 21, of which Down s patients have an extra copy. The researchers chose eight regions in which methylation levels differed most between people with and without Down s. They calculated a score for each case and used this to classify samples as unaffected or as Down s syndrome. The researchers accurately identified all 14 cases of Down s out of a pool of 40 samples† (Nature March 10, 2011). Most screening tests involve a bloodRead MoreChomsky s Theory For Learning Language1630 Words   |  7 PagesTo account for the observed differences across languages in their grammatical structure, UG has incorporated into its structure a number of language- specific variations â€Å"which children have to learn as part of the task of acquiring their native language (Britton Doake, 2005). Thus, language acquisition involves not only lexical learning but also some structural learning† (ibid, p.16) Chomsky’s theory for learning language applies to all aspects of language including nouns, verbs, consonantsRead MoreHow to Improve Reading Comprehension1212 Words   |  5 Pages How to Improve Reading Comprehension How to improve one’s reading comprehension? First, one must know what reading compression is, plain and simple it is the act of understanding what is being read. â€Å"Learning how to read is probably one of the most important skills that a child will acquire in his/her lifetime† (Pardo, 2011). Though it may sound easy, many people have difficultly remembering and understanding what they read. â€Å"To become a successful reader, a child must be able to decode theRead MorePiagets Theory of Cognitive Development959 Words   |  4 Pageshis main focus was on understanding the difference between children and adults. â€Å"Applying Piaget s theory of cognitive development to the education of children is another contribution that enables the effective teaching of children† (Kuhn, 1979). Piaget had a theory that children and adults shared equal intelligence; children just thought differently, Piaget set out to study the different levels of cognition and developed t his information into stages. Model(s) associated Piaget Piaget’s model wasRead MoreComprehension Is The Purpose Of Reading1039 Words   |  5 PagesThompkins (2016) comprehension is the purpose of reading, students need to understand and enjoy what they are reading to learn from it. It’s the creative process of activating prior knowledge, to explore and apply what is read. For example, if students need to know how to play a new board game, they read the instructions for direction. Comprehension implies different levels of thinking: from literal to inferential, then critical and evaluative. Literal is the first level of comprehension, where the readerRead MoreReading Achievement By Learning Disabled Students Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesreality. The summation of the study concluded â€Å"The primary outcome was that instructional setting had little differential effect on students’ performance in reading comprehension.† (Goldman et al., 1998) This study was conducted as an ANOVA to define the F values of a standardized K-TEA test for Reading Decoding and Reading Comprehension scores that was conducted on a group of 34 reading disabled boys around 11 years old who were pre-tested at the beginning of the school year and post-tested at theRead MoreA Child With Down Syndrome1328 Words   |  6 PagesPiaget believed that children went through stages of development at specific times. Child development is the biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between birth and adolescence. Typical development refers to the milestones that a child reaches at a particular time during child development. Atypical development refers to not typical; not conforming to the type; irregular; abnormal: atypical behavior. Down syndrome is characterized as a chromosomal condition in which anRead MoreLiterature Is At The Heart Of The Australia English Curriculum And Literacy1180 Words   |  5 Pageschildren. Children’ s literature does not have a definite definition of what it is; basically, it is anything a child reads (Lerer, 2008). Children begin to learn what reading and writing are used for before even knowing how the system works. Children recognise the function of written language by seeing examples of written language that are being used around them. Many children know the difference between reading and talking, they are aware that written language is used to do things in this world (Emitt

Wildlife Biodiversity and Net Deforestation Rates Free Essays

Around the world, forests are being logged for timber and paper pulp and cleared to grow mono-crops like soy and palm oil while they are deteriorating from the impacts of global warming. Deforestation is a major driver of global warming, responsible for up to 20 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions–more than all the cars, trucks, planes, boats and trains in the world combined. Deforestation doesn’t just threaten our climate, it threatens the livelihoods of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Wildlife: Biodiversity and Net Deforestation Rates or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6 Billion people that rely on forests for food and economic activity. Forests also serve as habitats to rare and undiscovered animal and plant species and play a key role in providing water and preventing flooding and erosion. Ending deforestation and protecting forests will not only preserve biodiversity and defend the rights of forest communities, it is also one of the quickest and cost effective ways of curbing global warming. Greenpeace is campaigning for zero deforestation, globally, by 2020. Deforestation,  clearance  or  clearing  is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. 1]  Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. About half of the world’s original forests had been destroyed by 2011, the majority during the previous 50 years. [citation needed]  Since 1990 half of the world’s  rain forests  have been destroyed. [citation needed]  More than half of the animal and plant species in the world live in trop ical forests. [2] The term  deforestation  is often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. not in citation given][neutrality  is  disputed]  However in  temperate climates, the  removal of all trees in an area[not in citation given]—in conformance with  sustainable forestry  practices—is correctly described as  regeneration harvest. [3]  In  temperate mesic climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. [4]  Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction. 5][6] Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of  charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as  pasture  for livestock, plantations of commodities and settlements . The removal of trees without sufficient  reforestation  has resulted in damage to  habitat,  biodiversity  loss and  aridity. It has adverse impacts on  biosequestration  of atmospheric  carbon dioxide. Deforestation has also been used in  war  to deprive an enemy of cover for its forces and also vital resources. A modern example of this was the use of  Agent Orangeby the United States military in Vietnam during the  Vietnam War. Deforested regions typically incur significant adverse  soil erosion  and frequently degrade into  wasteland. Disregard or ignorance of intrinsic value, lack of ascribed value, lax forest management and deficient environmental laws are some of the factors that allow deforestation to occur on a large scale. In many countries, deforestation, both naturally occurring and human induced, is an ongoing issue. Deforestation causes  extinction, changes to climatic conditions,  desertification, and displacement of populations as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record. [5] Among countries with a per capita  GDP  of at least US$4,600, net deforestation rates have ceased to increase. [when? ][7][8] ————————————————- Causes According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat, the overwhelming direct cause of deforestation is agriculture. Subsistence farming  is responsible for 48% of deforestation;  commercial agriculture  is responsible for 32% of deforestation;  logging  is responsible for 14% of deforestation and fuel wood removals make up 5% of deforestation. [9] Experts do not agree on whether industrial logging is an important contributor to global deforestation. [10][11]  Some argue that poor people are more likely to clear forest because they have no alternatives, others that the poor lack the ability to pay for the materials and labour needed to clear forest. 10]  One study found that population increases due to high fertility rates were a primary driver of tropical deforestation in only 8% of cases. [12] Other causes of contemporary deforestation may include  corruption  of government institutions,[13][14]  the  inequitable  distribution of wealth and power,[15]  population growth[16]  andoverpopulation,[17][18]  and  urbanization. [19]  Globalization  is often viewed as another root cause of deforestation,[20][21]  though there are cases in which the impacts of globalization (new ? ws of labor, capital, commodities, and ideas) have promoted localized forest recovery. [22] The last batch of sawnwood from thepeat forest  in Indragiri Hulu, Sumatra,Indonesia. Deforestation for  oil palmplantation. In 2000 the United Nations  Food and Agriculture Organization  (FAO) found that â€Å"the role of population dynamics in a local setting may vary from decisive to negligible,† and that deforestation can result from â€Å"a combination of population pressure and stagnating economic, social and technological conditions. [16] The degradation of forest ecosystems has also been traced to economic incentives that make forest conversion appear more profitable than forest conservation. [23]  Many important forest functions have no markets, and hence, no economic value that is readily apparent to the forests’ owners or the communities that rely on forests for their well-being. [23]  From the perspective of the developing world, the benefits of forest as carbon sinks or biodiversity reserves go primarily to richer developed nations and there is insufficient compensation for these services. Developing countries feel that some countries in the developed world, such as the United States of America, cut down their forests centuries ago and benefited greatly from this deforestation, and that it is hypocritical to deny developing countries the same opportunities: that the poor shouldn’t have to bear the cost of preservation when the rich created the problem. [24] Some commentators have noted a shift in the drivers of deforestation over the past 30 years. 25]  Whereas deforestation was primarily driven by subsistence activities and government-sponsored development projects like  transmigration  in countries like  Indonesia  and  colonization  in  Latin America,India,  Java, and so on, during late 19th century and the earlier half of the 20th century. By the 1990s the majority of deforestation was caused by industrial factors, including extractive industries, large-scale cattle ranching, and extensive agriculture. [26] [edit] Wildlife conservation  i s the practice of protecting  endangered plant and animal species  and their  habitats. Among the goals of wildlife conservation are to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and to recognize the importance of  wildlife  and  wilderness  lands to humans. [1]Many nations are  government agencies  dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent  nonprofit organizations  also promote various wildlife conservation causes. [2] Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of  human activity  on  wildlife. The science of extinction. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living being that is at the danger of becoming extinct because of several reasons. Either they are few in number or are threatened by the varying environmental or predation parameters. ————————————————- Government involvement The Wildlife Conservation Act was enacted by the Government of India in 1972. Soon after the trend of policy makers enacting regulations on conservation a strategy was developed to allow actors, both government and non-government, to follow a detailed â€Å"framework† to successful conservation. The World Conservation Strategy was developed in 1980 by the â€Å"International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources â€Å"(IUCN) with advice, cooperation and financial assistance of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Wildlife Fund and in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco)†[9]  The strategy aims to â€Å"provide an intellectual framework and practical guidance for conservation actions. [9]  This thorough guidebook covers everything from the intended â€Å"users† of the strategy to its very priorities and even a map section containing areas that have large seafood consumption therefore endangering the area to over fishing. The main sections are as follows: * The objectives of conservation and requirements for their achievement: 1. Maintenance of essential ecological processes and life-suppo rt systems. 2. Preservation of genetic diversity. 3. Sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems. * Priorities for national action: 1. A framework for national and subnational conservation strategies. . Policy making and the integration of conservation and development. 3. Environmental planning and rational use allocation. * Priorities for international action: 1. International action: law and assistance. 2. Tropical forests and drylands. 3. A global programme for the protection of genetic resource areas. Map sections: 1. Tropical forests 2. Deserts and areas subject to desertification. Importance Of Wildlife 37  Ã‚  6  StumbleUpon4 If you were of the opinion that cultivated plants and domesticated animals is what wildlife consists of, you are mistaken. Wildlife, in fact, comprises of the innumerous varieties of wild plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms that exist on our planet earth, rather than just cultivated plants and domesticated animals. Knowingly or unknowingly, we largely depend on this wildlife for every elementary requirement in our life. The food we eat, the clothes we wear, the medicines we consume, a variety of building materials used for construction, numerous chemicals used for manufacturing our necessities, all are extracted from the wildlife existing around us. A study by the American Association for the Advancement of Science indicates that as many as 40,000 species of plants, animals, fungi and microscopic animals benefit us in some way or the other. To know the various benefits that this wildlife provides us, read on further. Benefits Of Wildlife Benefits To People Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing or wildlife photographing to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing and source of income. Benefits To Natural Processes Wildlife plays an essential role in the ecological and biological processes that are yet again significant to life. The normal functioning of the biosphere depends on endless interactions amongst animals, plants, and microorganisms. This, in turn, maintains and enhances human life further. To add on, these ecological processes are vital for agriculture, forestry, fisheries and other endeavors that support human life. Besides, there are several biological processes wherein wildlife plays a key role, such as pollinization, germination, seed dispersal, soil generation, nutrient cycling, predation, habitat maintenance, waste breakdown, and pest control. Benefits to Science, Agriculture, Medicine Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever-increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, development of new drugs and treatments are largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species and not discoveries through the traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal. How to cite Wildlife: Biodiversity and Net Deforestation Rates, Papers

Advance Pathophysiology for Health Professionals-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvance Pathophysiology for Health Professionals for Burns. Answer: Thermal injury to the cell, mostly burns injuries have been widely reported in patients that require immediate rehabilitation through systematic interventions. Thermal injuries are common in patients when they come in contact with boiling water, fire and objects with the high thermal capacity to cause burns. The underlying pathophysiology of thermal burns is to be understood for clinical professionals for providing accurate care measures. In case of the first degree and second-degree burns, the cells appear to be red and develop blisters. In addition, there is swelling of the tissues. In case of third-degree burns, the cells are blackened or white in color in addition to a charred condition which appears numb (Stanojcic et al. 2018). The present understanding of the pathophysiology of burn cell injury focuses on three zones of injury; zone of coagulation, the zone of stasis, and zone of hyperemia. The zone of coagulation is the area suffering the most damage due to the injury. This has the zone of stasis surrounding it, indicating low levels of perfusion and increased inflammation. The zone of hyperemia has minimal microvascular perfusion with increased necrosis. Thermal injury to the cells is responsible for inducing an immunosuppressed state predisposing patients to complexities (CopsteadBanasik, 2013). The mechanism of cellular dysfunctioning has been linked with thrombosis of vessels because of vascular damage, up-regulation of inflammatory mediators and proapoptotic factors. The inflammatory action leads to rapid formation of oedema as a result of vasodilation, increased osmotic activity and increased extravascular osmotic activity. Further changes in interstitial tissue hold much importance (Nielson et al., 2017). References Copstead, L. C., Banasik, J. L (2013).Pathophysiology (5th ed.). St Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Nielson, C. B., Duethman, N. C., Howard, J. M., Moncure, M., Wood, J. G. (2017). Burns: pathophysiology of systemic complications and current management.Journal of Burn Care Research,38(1), e469-e481. Stanojcic, M., Abdullahi, A., Rehou, S., Parousis, A., Jeschke, M. G. (2018).Pathophysiological response to burn injury in adults.Annals of surgery,267(3), 576-584.